Blacklist & Whitelist: Terms To Avoid

In today’s changing world, continuing to make an effort to promote diversity and inclusion cannot be emphasized enough. The language we use plays a vital role in shaping our attitudes towards various issues. Particularly in fields like technology and cybersecurity, where terminology often goes unnoticed, the words can carry unintended implications.

Terms such as “blacklist” and “whitelist” have been customary for decades, but it is essential to examine their origins, implications and search for alternatives in the context of fostering a more inclusive society.

In this article, we will dive into why “blacklist” and “whitelist” are not inclusive terms and explore potential alternatives that can promote a more inclusive language.

The origins on “blacklist” and “whitelist”

The terms “blacklist” and “whitelist” have historical roots dating back to the early 17th century. Originally, these words were used in the context of labor relations to categorize individuals who were either undesirable (blacklisted) from employment or privileged (whitelisted) to work under specific conditions. Over time, they became part of the language, finding applications in various contexts, including technology.

Historical context

The earliest known usage of the term "blacklist" traces back to a dark chapter in history—the era of mass enslavement and forced deportation of Africans to toil in European colonies in the Americas. This historical context clearly reveals the negative perception of Africans, and unfortunately, such roots have extended into current times as systemic racism.

Therefore, it becomes imperative to get rid of this language entirely to foster an environment that embraces and respects the dignity of every individual.

Modern adoption in technology

Overtime, “blacklist” and “whitelist” found their way into the modern world and into the realm of technology, particularly in the fields of computing and cybersecurity. Despite their seemingly harmless technical usage, these terms unintentionally preserve harmful associations.

(Related reading: inclusive language in tech)

Understanding the terminology

Now, let’s get into the definitions of these terms.

• Blacklist: A list of items, people, or entities that are regarded as untrustworthy, undesirable, or harmful. For example, if your security team suspects a certain IP address is performing suspicious activity, they may block users from that IP address from visiting your website.
• Whitelist: A list of items, people, or entities considered trustworthy or acceptable, often granted privileged access.

On the surface, these terms appear straightforward. However, their racial connotations run deeper. The association of "black" with negativity and "white" with positivity can reinforce systemic biases, even when unintentional.

Beyond these associations, the words carry broader implications for how language can alienate certain groups

The harm of non-inclusive language

Below are a few reasons that the terms “blacklist” and “whitelist” can be non-inclusive.

Racial connotation

The use of “black” to signify negativity and “white” to signify positivity keeps harmful stereotypes in our society. While this may seem subtle or indirect, it reinforces a lasting history that aligns blackness with undesirability and whiteness with superiority. This pattern appears in other terms, such as:

• Blackmail: Coercion through threats
• Black sheep: An outcast in a group
• Black market: Illegal trade

Each of these terms gives a negative connotation to “black”, creating an implicit bias that is hard to unlearn.

Negative associations

The term “blacklist” inherently implies something negative or undesirable. This may not only contribute to a pessimistic view of the items or individuals on the list, but also subconsciously associate the color black with negativity. Overtime, these associations can contribute to systematic exclusion.

Alienation

The use of these terms can potentially alienate people, making them feel unwelcome or uncomfortable in technical spaces. Whether or not the intention is clear, language that carries exclusionary undertones can alienate diverse individuals and get in the way of efforts made to build inclusive environments.

Inclusive language is vital to ensuring that all individuals feel respected and valued within their communities.

(Check out our guide on inclusive language in the workplace)

Promoting inclusive alternatives

Recognizing the need for change, many organizations and industries are embracing inclusive language. Below are several alternatives to “blacklist” and “whitelist” that are more neutral:

Allowlist/Denylist

Instead of “whitelist” and “blacklist”, we can use “allowlist” and “denylist” to indicate approved and restricted items or individuals.

• Why it works: These terms shift the focus from color to function. “Allowlist” specifies items that are granted access, while “denylist” identifies those that are restricted.
• Example: Replace “blacklist an IP address” with “add the IP address to the denylist.”

“Allowlist” and “denylist” are straightforward and descriptive, clearly conveying their meaning without any ambiguity.

Permitted/Blocked List

Another pair of terms that clearly communicates the actions without the potential of exclusionary language is “permitted/blocked list.”

• Why it works: By emphasizing permissions and restrictions, these terms eliminate any racial or color-based undertones.
• Example: Use “blocked list” instead of “blacklist” to describe restricted email senders.

“Permitted” and “blocked” are simple, unambiguous terms that clearly express the status of items or individuals, fostering clarity in communication.

Approved/Disapproved List

Utilizing “approved” and “disapproved” further emphasizes a neutral stance, removing any color-related implications and promoting inclusivity.

• Why it works: These terms are universally understood, clear, and free of ambiguity. They emphasize acceptance or rejection based on objective criteria rather than implied associations.
• Example: Replace “whitelisted domain” with “approved domain.”

“Approved” and “disapproved” are universally understood terms that communicate the status of items or individuals without any potential for misinterpretation.

Why language matters

Inclusive language is not just a symbolic gesture—it is a fundamental aspect of fostering respect, equity, and belonging. When we choose words thoughtfully, we show our commitment to valuing all individuals and removing biases that persist in our culture.

Check out this quick video about DEIB at Splunk:

(Learn more about Splunk’s DEIB strategies.)

Language holds a great deal of importance and power in shaping our perceptions and attitudes. As we aim for a more inclusive and equitable community, it is crucial to be mindful of the terms we use in our everyday conversations, especially in professional and technical settings.

Building a culture of inclusion

Changing established language patterns requires a collective effort, education, and persistence. Here are steps that organizations and individuals can take:

1. Raise awareness: Educate teams about the importance of inclusive language and the historical context of terms like “blacklist” and “whitelist.”
2. Adopt alternatives: Implement neutral terms across all documentation, software, and communication channels among the organization.
3. Lead by example: Encourage leaders and influencers in your organization to model inclusive language.
4. Regularly review language: Continuously assess and update terminology to ensure there is alignment with your inclusivity goals.

The future of inclusive language

The terms “blacklist” and “whitelist” may seem harmless on the surface, but they carry a historical burden that underscores the need for change. By adopting more inclusive alternatives, such as “denylist” and “allowlist”, we can take a small yet meaningful step towards creating a more welcoming and inclusive environment for everyone.

Choosing inclusive language is not just a matter of semantics; it is a powerful tool for promoting a diverse and equitable society. As we evolve, let us ensure that our language evolves with us, embracing inclusivity, diversity, and respect for all.