File system change monitor

Splunk's file system change monitor lets you watch any directory you specify and generates an event when that directory undergoes any change. It is completely configurable and can detect when any file on the system is edited, deleted or added (not just Splunk-specific files). For example, you can specify that the file system change monitor watch /etc/sysconfig/ and alert you any time the entire system's configurations are changed.

How the file system change monitor works

The file system change monitor detects changes using:

modification date/time
group ID
user ID
file mode (read/write attributes, etc.)
optional SHA256 hash of file contents

You can configure the following features of the file system change monitor:

white listing using regular expressions
- specify files that will be checked no matter what
black listing using regular expressions
- specify files to skip
directory recursion
- including symbolic link traversal
- scanning multiple directories, each with their own polling frequency
cryptographic signing
- creates a distributed audit-trail of file system changes
indexing entire file as an event on add/change
- size cutoffs for sending entire file and/or hashing
all change events indexed by and searchable through Splunk

Configure the file system change monitor

By default, the file system change monitor will generate events whenever the contents of $SPLUNK_HOME/etc/ are changed, deleted, or added to. When you start Splunk for the first time, an add audit event will be generated for each file in the $SPLUNK_HOME/etc/ directory and all sub-directories. Any time after that, any change in configuration (regardless of origin) will generate an audit event for the affected file(s). The audit event will be indexed into the audit index (index=_audit).

You can use the file system change monitor to watch any directory by adding a stanza to inputs.conf.

Create your own inputs.conf in $SPLUNK_HOME/etc/bundles/local/ (or your own custom bundle). You can copy the default inputs.conf from $SPLUNK_HOME/etc/bundles/default/ in to $SPLUNK_HOME/etc/bundles/local/. Do not edit the copy in default.

Edit the [fschange] stanza to configure the file system change monitor. Every setting is optional except the stanza name fschange:<directory or file to monitor>.

Note: Additions or changes to the [fschange] stanza require a restart of the Splunk Server.

[fschange:<directory or file to monitor>]
index=<indexname>
recurse=<true | false>
followLinks=<true | false>
pollPeriod=N
hashMaxSize=N
fullEvent=<true | false>
sendEventMaxSize=N
signedaudit=<true | false>
filter=<filter1>,<filter2>,...<filterN>

Possible attribute/value pairs

[fschange:<directory or file to monitor>]

The system will monitor all adds/updates/deletes to this directory and sub-directories.
Any changes will generate an event that is indexed by Splunk.
Defaults to $SPLUNK_HOME/etc/.

index=<indexname>

The index to store all events generated.
Defaults to _audit.

recurse=<true | false>

If true, recurse directories within the directory specified in [fschange].
Defaults to true.

followLinks=<true | false>

If true, the file system change monitor will follow symbolic links.
Defaults to false.

Caution: If you are not careful with setting followLinks, file system loops may occur.

pollPeriod=N

Check this directory for changes every N seconds.
Defaults to 3600.
- If you make a change, the file system audit events could take anywhere between 1 and 3600 seconds to be generated and become available in audit search.

hashMaxSize=N

Calculate a SHA1 hash for every file that is greater than or equal to N size in bytes.
This hash can be used as an additional method for detecting change in the file/directory.
Defaults to -1 (no hashing used for change detection).

fullEvent=<true | false>

Send the full event if an add or update change is detected.
Further qualified by the sendEventMaxSize attribute.
Defaults to false.

sendEventMaxSize=N

Only send the full event if the size of the event is less than or equal to N bytes.
This limits the size of indexed file data.
Defaults to -1, which is unlimited.

signedaudit=<true | false>

Send cryptographically signed add/update/delete events.
Defaults to false.

Note: When setting signedaudit to true, make sure auditing is enabled in audit.conf.

filter=<filter1>,<filter2>,...<filterN>

Each of these filters will apply from left to right for each file or directory that is found during the monitors poll cycle.

To define a filter, add a [filter...] stanza as follows:

[filter:blacklist:backups] 
regex1 = .*bak
regex2 = .*bk

[filter:blacklist:code] 
regex1 = .*\.c 
regex1 = .*\.h 
 
[fschange:/etc] 
filter = backups,code

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